Toxic Clothing? Every Parent Should Read This

Have you ever considered what’s truly in contact with your child’s skin all day long? While you carefully choose nutritious foods and safe toys, toxic clothing might be the hidden threat lurking in your child’s wardrobe.

Here's the raw truth: Many of our everyday clothes are packed with harmful chemicals - from toxic dyes to dangerous finishing agents. These aren't just abstract concerns - they're substances that touch our skin all day long, affecting our health and our children's wellbeing. How could this even be in children's clothing?

As parents, we strive for the best for our children. Recognizing the dangers associated with synthetic fabrics isn't just important—it's crucial for their well-being (and ours). In this article, ’ll uncover the hidden toxins in everyday wear and show you how to protect you and your child from these silent hazards.

Understanding Toxic Clothing

What Is Toxic Clothing?

Toxic clothing refers to garments made from synthetic materials or treated with chemicals that can be harmful to human health. These fabrics might appear harmless, but they often contain substances that can be absorbed through the skin or inhaled, inhaled, or even ingested indirectly through environmental contamination. Toxic fashion is a growing concern due to the widespread use of synthetic fibers and chemical treatments in modern textiles.

So, how widespread is this issue, and why should it matter to you? Understanding the prevalence of synthetic fabrics is the first step toward making safer choices for your family. 

Synthetic Chemicals and Fabrics

Did you know that over 60% of clothing produced worldwide is made from synthetic fibers like polyester, nylon, and acrylic? These materials have become staples in the fashion industry because they’re inexpensive and durable. However, their widespread use comes with hidden risks.

A study found that phthalates, commonly used as plasticizers in textile industry, are present in concentrations of up to 33.42 µg/g in children’s clothing made from polyester, nylon, and spandex blends. These chemicals are linked to endocrine disruption and reproductive toxicity.

A Brief History of Synthetic Materials in Fashion

In the mid-20th century, synthetic fabrics became popular as cost-effective and convenient alternatives to natural fibers. Innovations like polyester and nylon transformed the fashion industry by providing clothing that was wrinkle-free, easy to care for, and resistant to shrinking or fading.

However, this convenience came with a hidden cost. At the time, the long-term health implications of wearing these materials were not fully understood. Now, we are beginning to see the effects, particularly on children, whose developing bodies are more susceptible to the potential toxins in these fabrics.

As the fashion industry embraced synthetic materials, the manufacturing processes often involved the use of potentially harmful chemicals. These chemical substances, such as phthalates and formaldehyde, are used to enhance fabric performance but can pose significant health risks.

The rise of ultra fast fashion brands has further exacerbated the issue, as the demand for cheap, trendy clothing has led to increased production of synthetic fabrics. This surge in production often overlooks the environmental and health impacts, prioritizing speed and cost over safety. The fashion industry's supply chain is complex, with many stages where harmful chemicals can be introduced, from dyeing and finishing to the application of stain-resistant and anti-wrinkle treatments.

For you and me, the challenge lies in identifying and avoiding toxic clothing.

The Hidden Dangers in Synthetic Fabrics

As you sort through your closet, you might notice labels like polyester, rayon, or nylon. These synthetic fabrics are more than just words on a tag—they’re potential sources of harmful chemicals that could affect your child’s health.

Common Toxic Fabrics to Avoid

• Polyester

Polyester is everywhere, from T-shirts to school uniforms. It’s popular because it’s cheap and durable. However, during production, polyester is treated with chemicals like antimony, which is used as a catalyst. While antimony may not always be present in significant quantities in the final product, concerns arise from prolonged exposure to high concentrations.

Moreover, polyester contributes to microfiber pollution when washed. A single machine wash can release up to 200,000 microplastic fibers into waterways. These microplastics carry toxic additives like phthalates and flame retardants, which accumulate in aquatic life and enter the food chain.

• Rayon

Rayon production involves hazardous chemicals like carbon disulfide, sodium hydroxide, and sulfuric acid. Carbon disulfide exposure has been linked to neurological damage and reproductive harm.

• Acrylic

Acrylic fabrics are made from polyacrylonitrile, which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies as a potential carcinogen. Also, like polyester, acrylic fabrics shed microplastics during washing, contributing to environmental pollution.

• Nylon

Nylon is commonly used in swimwear and stockings. Its production involves various chemicals and can release nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. While formaldehyde is not always used in all nylon products, when present, it can cause itchy skin. Nylon garments also contribute to microfiber pollution, releasing tiny fibers that can carry toxic substances.

• Acetate

Acetate and triacetate are chemically processed fabrics derived from wood pulp. The production involves solvents that can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions. While these fabrics are considered less toxic than fully synthetic materials, they are not biodegradable and contribute to environmental pollution when discarded.

Special Fabric Treatments

It's not just the fabrics themselves that pose a risk; the additional chemical treatments applied to them can significantly contribute to the toxicity of clothing.

These treatments are often used to enhance fabric properties like water resistance, stain repellence, flame retardancy, and wrinkle resistance, but they come with their own set of health and environmental concerns.

Here are some of the most common and dangerous treatments applied to fabrics:

Wrinkle-Free and Stain-Resistant Clothes

Clothing labeled as wrinkle-free or stain-resistant often contains per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS chemicals are used in stain-resistant and wrinkle-free treatments for fabrics. These chemicals have been found in concentrations as high as 193 ng/g in polyester fabrics.

PFAS exposure has been linked to immune system suppression, cancer, and reproductive harm. They’re often referred to as “forever chemicals” because they do not break down in the environment and can accumulate over time in humans and wildlife.

Flame Retardants

Flame retardants, particularly organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), are commonly added to children’s sleepwear for fire safety purposes. These chemicals can be absorbed through the skin and have been associated with hormone disruption, developmental issues, and neurotoxicity.

Waterproof Fabrics

Waterproof and water-resistant fabrics often contain perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs), which are part of the broader PFAS family. These chemicals can off-gas or leach into the environment over time, leading to inhalation or dermal exposure.

PFCs have been linked to various health problems such as liver damage, thyroid disease, decreased fertility, developmental issues in children, and certain cancers.

Antimicrobial Treatments

Antimicrobial agents are incorporated into fabrics to inhibit bacterial growth and odors, commonly found in athletic wearand hospital textiles. Some include toxic chemicals like triclosan or silver nanoparticles. These substances can interfere with hormonal balance and contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance.

Let's quickly outline the most potent and harmful toxins commonly found in clothing and fabrics.

The Most Dangerous Chemicals Found in Clothing

Understanding the specific chemicals lurking in clothing can empower you to make safer choices for your family. Here’s a rundown of the most hazardous substances commonly detected in textiles:

Phthalates

• Use: Plasticizers in synthetic fabrics like polyester to make them more flexible.

• Health Risks: Endocrine disruption, reproductive issues, developmental problems, and increased cancer risk.

Bisphenols (BPA and BPS)

• Use: Enhance flexibility and durability of synthetic textiles.

• Health Risks: Hormonal imbalances, reproductive harm, increased risk of conditions such as breast cancer.

Formaldehyde

• Use: Wrinkle-resistant treatments for fabrics.

• Health Risks: Skin irritation, respiratory issues, and classified as a probable human carcinogen by the IARC.

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

• Use: Water-resistant, stain-repellent, and wrinkle-free clothing.

• Health Risks: Immune system suppression, liver damage, developmental issues, and certain cancers.

Azo Dyes

• Use: Coloring textiles due to their bright colors.

• Health Risks: Can break down into aromatic amines, which are carcinogenic. Associated with skin irritation and increased risk of bladder cancer.

Toxic (heavy) Metals (Lead, Chromium, Cobalt)

• Use: Dyes and finishes used in textiles.

• Health Risks: Skin irritation, allergic reactions, organ damage, and cancer risk.

Tributyl Phosphate (TBP)

• Use: Flame retardant or plasticizer in clothing materials.

• Health Risks: Skin irritant, respiratory issues upon prolonged inhalation.

Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF)

• Use: Anti-mold agent in clothing during storage or shipping.

• Health Risks: Severe skin reactions like dermatitis; banned in many countries due to toxicity.

Nonylphenol Ethoxylates (NPEs)

• Use: Surfactants used during textile processing.

• Health Risks: Disrupts endocrine function, persistent in the environment, bioaccumulates in aquatic organisms.

Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs)

• Use: Added to textiles for flame resistance.

• Health Risks: Neurotoxicity, hormone disruption, developmental issues in children.

Newer Generation PFAS

While older types of PFAS are being phased out due to their toxicity, newer generation PFAS compounds are now being used as alternatives in many textiles. Unfortunately, these newer compounds may not be any safer than their predecessors.
Emerging research suggests that newer generation PFAS still pose significant risks to human health and the environment due to their persistence and bioaccumulation properties. As a result, even garments labeled "PFC-free" may still contain other harmful perfluorinated compounds.

People may experience varying reactions when exposed to toxic chemicals in clothing. Individuals with conditions like multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) may be particularly vulnerable to even low levels of exposure from synthetic fabrics or treated garments.

How Toxic Chemicals Enter the Body

• Skin Absorption

Your skin is a living, breathing organ that absorbs substances it contacts. Chemicals such as phthalates and bisphenols, often found in synthetic fabrics, can gradually be absorbed through the skin, especially when sweating.

• Off-Gassing

Ever notice that “new clothes” smell? That’s often the result of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by synthetic materials or chemical treatments applied to fabrics during manufacturing. These gases can be inhaled, potentially causing respiratory issues, headaches, dizziness, and even long-term health effects like liver or kidney damage.

• Microfiber Pollution

Washing synthetic clothes releases microplastic fibers into water systems (and our drinking water). These fibers carry toxic additives like phthalates and flame retardants, accumulating in marine life and eventually making their way back to us through the food chain.

Why Children Are More Vulnerable

Children are not just smaller versions of adults; their bodies are still developing. This ongoing growth makes them particularly vulnerable to toxins.

Developing Bodies and Systems

Childrends skin absorbs substances more quickly, and their detoxification systems are not as efficient as adults, here´s why:

• Thinner Skin: Your child’s skin is thinner and more permeable than yours. This means substances can pass through it more easily, allowing chemicals from fabrics to enter their bloodstream quicker.

• Immature Detox Systems: Their liver and kidneys, responsible for filtering out toxins, aren’t fully developed. This makes it harder for their bodies to eliminate harmful substances efficiently.

• Rapid Growth: As they grow, their cells are dividing and developing at a rapid pace. Exposure to toxins during this critical period can interfere with normal development and potentially lead to long-term health issues.

Over time, this can lead to a buildup of toxins that might affect their health in ways we’re only beginning to understand.

Behavioral Factors

Kids will be kids—that’s part of their charm. But certain childhood behaviors can increase their exposure to harmful chemicals:

• Mouthing Everything: Babies and toddlers explore the world with their mouths. Chewing on shirt sleeves, blankets, or toys made from synthetic materials can introduce toxins directly into their system.

• Floor Play: They spend a lot of time crawling and playing on floors where dust and microfibers from synthetic clothing accumulate, leading to inhalation or ingestion of harmful particles.

These behaviors are natural and essential for their development. The goal isn’t to change how kids play but to ensure their environment—including their clothing—is as safe as possible.

Case Studies and Research Findings

• Phthalates in Children’s Clothing

  A study published in the Journal of Environmental Science found that children have higher concentrations of phthalates in their bodies compared to adults, partly due to exposure from clothing. Phthalates can be absorbed through the skin or inhaled from off-gassing materials, leading to potential developmental issues such as autism spectrum disorders and other neurodevelopmental delays. Phthalates have also been associated with reproductive problems and hormonal imbalances.

• Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

  A study published by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) highlights the significant impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on children's health. EDCs, which are present in many synthetic fabrics and textile treatments, can interfere with hormone function, particularly during critical developmental stages. EDC exposure has been linked to thyroid disorders, obesity, diabetes, and altered adrenal hormone production in children. These chemicals are often found in clothing treated with flame retardants, water-resistant coatings, or plasticizers like phthalates.

• Pesticide Residues in Natural Fibers

  Even natural fibers like cotton may pose risks if they are not organically grown. Non-organic cotton is often treated with pesticides during cultivation, which can leave residues on the final fabric. Pesticide exposure has been linked to various health issues in children, including developmental delays, immune system dysfunction, and increased risk of cancer.

Renowned environmental health expert Dr. Philip J. Landrigan, a pediatrician and epidemiologist, emphasizes:

“Children are uniquely vulnerable to environmental toxins due to their developing systems and behaviors. Reducing their exposure to harmful chemicals is crucial for safeguarding their health.”

Safe and Sustainable Alternatives

With growing concerns about toxic chemicals in clothing, it’s comforting to know there are safer, more sustainable options out there. Let’s explore some natural fabrics that are not only gentle on your and child’s skin. Here’s a breakdown of some of the best options that are both eco-friendly and free from harmful substances:

• Organic Cotton

Why It’s Safe: Organic cotton is grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. This means fewer harmful chemicals touching your child’s delicate skin.

Health Benefits: Soft, breathable, and hypoallergenic, organic cotton is perfect for sensitive skin. It reduces the risk of irritation and allergic reactions often caused by chemical residues in conventional cotton.

Sustainability: By avoiding harmful chemicals, organic cotton farming promotes healthier soil and uses less water. It’s a win-win for both your child and the environment.

• Bamboo Fabric

Why It’s Safe: When processed using eco-friendly methods, bamboo fabric retains its natural properties without harsh chemicals.

Health Benefits: Incredibly soft and breathable. It’s hypoallergenic and has natural moisture-wicking abilities, making it ideal for kids with sensitive skin or allergies.

Sustainability: Bamboo grows quickly without the need for pesticides or excessive water. It’s one of the most sustainable fabric options available, making it a great choice for eco-conscious families.

• Linen and Hemp

Why They’re Safe: Linen and hemp are natural fibers requiring minimal chemical treatments. They’re often grown with little to no pesticides, reducing harmful residues.

Health Benefits: These fabrics are breathable and help regulate body temperature—keeping your child cool in the summer and warm in the winter. Plus, they’re naturally resistant to bacteria and mold.

Sustainability: Linen and hemp need less water and can grow in poor soil conditions. Hemp, in particular, is known for restoring soil health, making these fabrics environmentally friendly choices.

• Wool and Silk

Why They’re Safe: When sourced ethically, wool and silk are free from harmful chemical treatments. They’re natural fibers that have stood the test of time.

Health Benefits: Wool is a fantastic insulator, keeping kids cozy in cold weather while still being breathable. Silk is gentle and soothing—great for babies or children with eczema or sensitive skin.

Sustainability: Wool and silk are renewable and biodegradable when produced responsibly. Choosing options like organic wool or peace silk ensures animal welfare and environmental care.

• Tencel (Lyocell) and Modal

Why They’re Safe: Made from sustainably sourced wood pulp, these fabrics use an eco-friendly closed-loop process that recycles water and solvents.

Health Benefits: Tencel and Modal are smooth, breathable, and gentle on sensitive skin. Their excellent moisture-wicking properties keep active kids comfortable all day long.

Sustainability: The production of these fabrics significantly reduces water usage and chemical waste compared to conventional methods. They’re smart choices for both health and the environment.

Tips for Parents: Making the Switch

Making the transition to safer, more sustainable clothing for your child might seem like a big task, but it doesn’t have to be overwhelming. With a few practical steps, you can gradually shift to healthier options. Here’s how to get started:

• Start with Essentials

  • Begin by replacing items worn closest to the skin, like underwear and pajamas. These have the most prolonged skin contact and can make a significant difference.

  • Consider replacing everyday items like T-shirts, leggings, and socks with options made from safe, natural materials.

• Budget-Friendly Strategies

  Switching to safer clothing doesn’t have to strain your wallet. There are several ways to make eco-friendly choices more affordable.

  • Shop Second-Hand

    • Thrift Stores and Consignment Shops: Gently used clothing is not only budget-friendly but has often been washed multiple times, reducing any residual chemicals. You can find high-quality, natural fiber garments at a fraction of the cost.

    • Online Marketplaces: Websites and apps dedicated to second-hand items make it easy to find what you need without leaving home.

• Invest in Quality Over Quantity
  Fewer, higher-quality pieces can be more economical in the long run and better for your child’s health.

  • Choose Durable Fabrics: Natural fibers like organic cotton, hemp, and linen are often more durable than synthetics. Investing in well-made pieces means they’ll last longer, even through the rough and tumble of childhood play.

  • Versatile Wardrobe Staples: Select neutral colors and classic styles that can mix and match easily. This reduces the need for a large number of items and ensures your child gets plenty of use out of each piece.

• Support Ethical Brands

  Whenever possible, choose to buy from companies that prioritize safety, sustainability, and ethical production practices.

  • Research Brands: Look for transparency in how companies source their materials and manufacture their products. Brands that openly share this information are often more trustworthy.

  • Certifications to Look For: Sustainability certifications like GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard) and OEKO-TEX Standard 100 indicate that the fabrics meet strict safety and environmental criteria.

Remember, every small step counts. Whether it’s checking labels more carefully, opting for organic materials, or supporting brands that align with your values, you have the power to make a difference.

Remember, every small step counts. You don’t need to do everything at once. Even small changes can have a significant impact on your child’s health and the environment. Whether it’s checking labels more carefully, opting for organic materials, or supporting brands that align with your values, you have the power to make a difference.

Next Steps:

• Start Today: Choose one tip from above and implement it this week.

• Share Your Journey: Talk to other parents about what you’re doing. You might inspire them to make changes too.

• Stay Informed: Keep learning about sustainable practices and products. The more you know, the better choices you can make.

Additional Resources

• Brands Offering Organic Children’s Clothing

• Must See Fast Fashion Documentaries

• Books

  • "Slow Fashion: Aesthetics Meets Ethics" by Safia Minney – This book discusses the importance of sustainable fashion and ethical production practices, offering insights into alternatives to toxic clothing.

  • "Wear No Evil: How to Change the World with Your Wardrobe" by Greta Eagan* – A practical guide that helps you make more conscious choices about your clothing, including avoiding harmful chemicals.

• Websites and Blogs

  • Environmental Working Group (EWG) – The EWG provides resources on harmful chemicals in everyday products, including clothing. Their website is a reliable source for understanding which chemicals to avoid.

  • Good On You– This website rates fashion brands based on their sustainability and ethical practices. It’s a great resource for finding brands that avoid toxic chemicals and use eco-friendly materials.

  • Fashion Revolution – A global movement advocating for transparency in the fashion industry. Their blog covers topics like harmful chemicals in clothing and promotes sustainable alternatives.

If you enjoyed this post, check out these other articles :

• Best Non-Toxic Activewear Brands for a Healthier Workout

• The Best Non Toxic Sports Bras for a Healthier Workout

• Best Non Toxic Leggings Made with Organic Cotton

• How to Avoid PFAS in Cosmetics: Your Guide to Safer Beauty Products

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Are all synthetic fabrics harmful?

Not all synthetic fabrics are equally harmful, but many contain chemicals that can be absorbed by the skin or released into the environment. It’s best to research specific materials and opt for natural fibers when possible.

How do I know if my clothes are toxic?

Check the clothing label for materials like polyester, nylon, acrylic, and chemical treatments like flame retardants. Certifications like GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard) or OEKOTEX can help ensure fabric safety.

Can chemicals in clothes be washed out?

Washing can remove some surface chemicals, but it won’t eliminate toxins embedded in the fibers. Moreover, washing synthetic fabrics releases microplastics into waterways.

What certifications ensure fabric safety?

Look for certifications like GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard) and OEKO-TEX Standard 100, which indicate that the fabric meets strict safety and environmental criteria.

How to tell if your clothes have PFAS?

Synthetic fabrics like polyester, nylon, and spandex are more likely to be treated with PFAS-based coatings. Clothing that is labeled as "water-resistant," "stain-repellent," "wrinkle-free," or "durable water repellent (DWR)" most likely contain PFAS. These treatments are often applied to outdoor gear like hiking pants, jackets, and sportswear to improve performance.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only. Please consult with professionals for specific advice related to your situation.